What does infiltration refer to in the context of chemotherapy administration?

In the context of chemotherapy administration, infiltration specifically refers to the leakage of intravenous (IV) medication into the surrounding tissue instead of remaining within the vein. This condition can occur when there is a failure in the venous access, such as when the catheter is dislodged or not properly positioned within the vein. When chemotherapy drugs leak into extravascular tissues, they can cause localized tissue damage, leading to pain, swelling, and potential necrosis depending on the type of drug and the duration of the infiltration.

Recognizing infiltration is critical since it can have serious implications for patient safety and treatment efficacy. Monitoring for signs of infiltration at the injection or infusion site is a key responsibility for healthcare providers during chemotherapy administration. Thus, understanding what infiltration entails helps in assessing and managing complications associated with IV chemotherapy.