What is the primary mechanism of action for antitumor antibiotics?

The primary mechanism of action for antitumor antibiotics revolves around their ability to block cell growth by interfering with DNA. These antibiotics typically bind to DNA directly, which disrupts the DNA structure and prevents proper replication and transcription. This interference can occur through various means, such as producing free radicals that damage the DNA or inhibiting the actions of specific enzymes involved in the replication and transcription processes.

By targeting the fundamental processes of DNA, these agents effectively halt the proliferation of cancer cells, leading to their eventual death. This mechanism is crucial in the context of treating tumors, as cancer cells tend to replicate more rapidly than normal cells, making them more susceptible to agents that disrupt their DNA integrity.