What role does leucovorin calcium serve in chemotherapy?

Leucovorin calcium plays a crucial role in chemotherapy, particularly when used in conjunction with methotrexate, a medication that disrupts the metabolism of folate, which is essential for DNA synthesis and cell replication. Methotrexate is a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, leading to a depletion of folate levels in healthy cells, which can result in toxic effects.

By administering leucovorin calcium, which is a form of folate, healthcare providers can mitigate the toxic effects of methotrexate on normal cells while allowing cancer cells, which may be more reliant on folate for their growth, to be effectively targeted. Leucovorin acts as a chemoprotective agent by rescuing healthy cells from methotrexate-induced toxicity, particularly in cases where high-dose methotrexate is used. This allows for a better balance between efficacy against cancer and reduced side effects for the patient, enhancing recovery and overall treatment outcomes.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of leucovorin. It does not enhance cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis, or stimulate an immune response against tumors. Instead, its primary function is to protect normal cells from the harsh effects of certain chemotherapy agents, ensuring a